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The primary function of a relief valve in a hydraulic system is to release excess pressure to prevent system failure. Relief valves are critical safety components that are designed to protect hydraulic equipment from potential damage caused by overpressure situations. When the pressure in the hydraulic system exceeds a predetermined safe level, the relief valve opens to allow hydraulic fluid to escape, thereby reducing the pressure. This action prevents potential catastrophic failures such as hose bursts or component damage, which could occur if the pressure were allowed to rise unchecked.

In the context of other options, increasing the pressure within the system is not the role of a relief valve; its purpose is to monitor and control high-pressure levels, rather than to amplify them. The control of flow rate is typically managed by other components in a hydraulic system, such as flow control valves. Filtering contaminants from the fluid is a function of a hydraulic filter, not a relief valve, which specifically addresses pressure regulation rather than fluid cleanliness. Understanding the role of the relief valve is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of hydraulic systems.